ABSTRACT
Due to differences in study populations and protocols, the hemodynamic determinants of post-aerobic exercise hypotension (PAEH) are controversial. This review analyzed the factors that might influence PAEH hemodynamic determinants, through a search on PubMed using the following key words: “postexercise” or “post-exercise” combined with “hypotension”, “blood pressure”, “cardiac output”, and “peripheral vascular resistance”, and “aerobic exercise” combined only with “blood pressure”. Forty-seven studies were selected, and the following characteristics were analyzed: age, gender, training status, body mass index status, blood pressure status, exercise intensity, duration and mode (continuous or interval), time of day, and recovery position. Data analysis showed that 1) most postexercise hypotension cases are due to a reduction in systemic vascular resistance; 2) age, body mass index, and blood pressure status influence postexercise hemodynamics, favoring cardiac output decrease in elderly, overweight, and hypertensive subjects; 3) gender and training status do not have an isolated influence; 4) exercise duration, intensity, and mode also do not affect postexercise hemodynamics; 5) time of day might have an influence, but more data are needed; and 6) recovery in the supine position facilitates systemic vascular resistance decrease. In conclusion, many factors may influence postexercise hypotension hemodynamics, and future studies should directly address these specific influences because different combinations may explain the observed variability in postexercise hemodynamic studies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise Movement Techniques/adverse effects , Exercise/physiology , Hemodynamics/physiology , Post-Exercise Hypotension/etiology , Age Factors , Body Mass Index , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiac Output/physiology , Post-Exercise Hypotension/physiopathology , Sedentary Behavior , Sex Factors , Task Performance and Analysis , Time Factors , Vascular Resistance/physiologyABSTRACT
In nuclear medicine, stannous, as stannous chloride (SnCl2) and stannous fluoride (SnF2), are used as reducing agents to obtain radiopharmaceuticals labeled with technetium-99m. In the literature, the SnCl2 action was studied and it seems to be mediated through free radicals (FR) production in a Fenton-like reaction. In this work it was evaluated: (i) the in vitro SnF2 effects in different concentrations using pBCKS plasmid deoxyribonucleid acid (DNA); (ii) the SnF, effects in different Escherichia coli (E.coli) cultures, proficient or deficient in DNA repair genes, treated simultaneously with FR scavengers; and (iii) the biological effects of Maytenus ilicifolia, Baccharis genistelloides and Cymbopogon citratus aqueous extracts on the SnCL2 action in E.coli culture. The SnF2 treatment induced plasmidd DNA damages (single and double DNA strand breaks), in a dose-dependent manner. Citotoxicity mediated by SNf2 was observed and the simultaneous tratment with FR scavengers has increased the cell survival, suggesting the participation of FR on the SnF2-deleterious effects. The vegetal extrracts prottected the E.coli cells agains the SnCl2 effects. The components of the extracts could be interacting with SnCl2 blocking its participation in the FR formation.